Tooth sensitivity is a common dental complaint that affects millions of people. That sharp, sudden jolt of pain when you sip a hot coffee or bite into an ice cream cone is more than just unpleasant. It’s a sign that something in your oral health may need attention. Understanding the causes of tooth sensitivity can help you take steps to prevent it or manage it effectively.
Enamel Erosion
The outer layer of your teeth, known as enamel, is designed to protect the inner layers where the nerves are more sensitive. When enamel wears away, it exposes the dentin beneath. Dentin contains tiny tubules that connect to the nerves inside your teeth, which can trigger pain when exposed to temperature changes or certain foods. Enamel erosion can be caused by acidic foods and beverages, aggressive brushing, grinding your teeth (bruxism), or acid reflux. Over time, this erosion weakens your teeth’s natural defenses, making them more susceptible to sensitivity.
Gum Recession
Another major cause of tooth sensitivity is gum recession. When gums recede, they pull away from the tooth surface, exposing the root. Unlike the crown of the tooth, which is covered in enamel, the roots are protected by cementum, a much thinner material. When this layer wears away or is exposed due to gum recession, the underlying dentin is vulnerable, leading to increased sensitivity. Gum recession is often linked to periodontal (gum) disease, brushing too hard, or using a hard-bristled toothbrush. Aging can also naturally cause the gums to recede over time.
Tooth Decay and Cavities
Tooth sensitivity can also be an early warning sign of cavities. As decay progresses through the enamel and into the dentin, it creates an open pathway to the nerve. Even small cavities can trigger a noticeable sensitivity to sweets, temperature changes, or even air. If left untreated, tooth decay can worsen and lead to more serious dental problems like infection or abscesses, which cause even more pain and sensitivity.
Chipped Teeth
A chip in a tooth can expose the dentin or even reach the pulp, where the nerves are housed. This can make your tooth extremely sensitive to pressure, temperature, or sugary foods. Chipped teeth might not always be visible, but the pain can be sudden and sharp. Biting down on hard foods, grinding your teeth, or suffering a facial injury are common causes of tooth fractures. These issues require prompt dental attention to prevent further damage.
Post-Dental Treatment Sensitivity
Sometimes, sensitivity occurs temporarily after dental procedures like fillings, crowns, or teeth whitening. This kind of sensitivity is usually short-lived and should subside within a few days to a few weeks. If the pain persists, it may indicate that the treatment has affected the tooth’s nerve or that a bite adjustment is needed.
Brushing and Dental Habits
Your daily dental care routine can either protect your teeth or make sensitivity worse. Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can wear down enamel and irritate the gums. Skipping flossing or brushing can lead to plaque buildup, which can contribute to gum disease and recession, both of which lead to sensitivity. Using abrasive toothpaste or whitening products may also increase sensitivity in some people. Switching to a toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth and practicing gentle, thorough oral hygiene can often help alleviate symptoms.
Treatment for Sensitive Teeth in Cary, NC
At Kildaire Family & Cosmetic Dentistry, your oral health is our top priority. If you experience tooth sensitivity, don’t hesitate to reach out. The sooner you seek treatment, the higher your odds are of avoiding worsening dental conditions. Contact our office today to schedule a consultation and learn more about how to care for your bite and smile.